Sirius XM Radio, Inc., Defendant: The Case for a Unified Federal Copyright System for Sound Recordings

This article observes the surviving gap between state and federal protection of music recordings through the lens of the current litigation against Sirius XM. Part II sets out a history of copyright protection in the music industry. Part III outlines the relevant provisions of the federal Copyright Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the role played in the federal system by the Copyright Royalty Board. Part IV examines the pertinent statutory property protection of music recordings in the state of California. Part V then discusses the merits of the current lawsuits against Sirius XM. After considering the potential legal and economic ramifications of the current lawsuits, Part VI then concludes by advocating for a unified federal system of copyright protection for all sound recordings regardless of the date on which they were originally fixed

Records of the Higher Fungi of Minnesota

This paper, presenting an annotated list of 203 species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes of Minnesota, is the first published report of the occurrence of many of the species in the state. The collections on which the list is based were made in five Minnesota counties and are deposited in the senior author\u27s herbarium at Faribault, Minnesota, and in the University of Michigan Herbarium at Ann Arbor, Michigan

Higher Fungi of Minnesota, ll.

This paper, an annotated list of 240 species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes of Minnesota, is the first published report of the occurrence of many of the species in the state and is the second report presented by the authors. These collections were made in nine Minnesota counties

International chicken trade and increased risk for introducing or reintroducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) to uninfected countries.

Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein source. Unfortunately, transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) to new countries. Our study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an importing country. We found that the risk of infection in an importing country increased by a factor of 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.5) for every 10-fold increase in live chickens imported from countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that year. These results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if imports from countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity measures such as screening, vaccination, and infection control practices are increased. These findings show that limiting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods may be an important step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other emerging avian influenza viruses